Renal, Urology and Electrolytes
10 free practice questions shared by students. Answer them right here — no account needed.
A 24-year-old man presents with dark brown urine that began the day after the onset of a sore throat. He recalls two similar episodes in the past two years, eac…
Clinical rotations · middle twist
A 68-year-old woman with recently diagnosed small cell lung cancer is brought in after a generalised tonic-clonic seizure at home. Over three days she has becom…
Pre-internship · middle twist
A 72-year-old woman with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma presents with confusion, constipation and weakness. Her serum calcium is 4.18 mmol/L (2.10–2.60), crea…
Clinical rotations · middle twist
A 68-year-old man with a recent transurethral resection of a bladder tumour presents with worsening suprapubic pain and inability to pass urine. He has passed b…
Clinical rotations · middle twist
A 63-year-old man with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma has persistent thirst, vomiting and confusion. After intravenous saline, his serum calcium concentrati…
Clinical rotations · middle twist
A 72-year-old man with diabetic kidney disease takes perindopril and spironolactone. He has a serum potassium concentration of 6.2 mmol/L (3.5–5.2), chloride 11…
Clinical rotations · middle twist
A 68-year-old man with chronic kidney disease is admitted with pneumonia and has received intravenous fluids, calcium gluconate and insulin with glucose for a s…
Clinical rotations · middle twist
A 45-year-old woman has a 7-mm calculus in the distal ureter on non-contrast CT. Her pain is controlled with oral analgesia, creatinine is normal, and she is af…
Clinical rotations · middle twist
A 70-year-old man with diabetic kidney disease takes ramipril and spironolactone. Routine testing shows potassium 6.4 mmol/L, confirmed on a non-haemolysed samp…
Clinical rotations · middle twist
A 42-year-old man presents with haemoptysis, fatigue and rapidly worsening renal function. Creatinine is 486 micromol/L, urine microscopy shows dysmorphic red c…
Clinical rotations · middle twist