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A 34-year-old man is seen in the medical tent 20 minutes after finishing a marathon run on a cool, overcast morning. He drank water at every drink station. He h…
Physiology · Foundations · common
A 22-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after 30 minutes of rapid, deep breathing that began during an argument. She reports tingling around…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 24-year-old man has passed up to twelve watery stools a day for five days after returning from a trek in Nepal. He is thirsty and weak. His pulse is 118/min a…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 58-year-old man has vomited large volumes each day for nine days, bringing up food eaten the day before. The vomitus contains no bile. He has lost 5 kg, his m…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 4-year-old girl has had puffy eyelids each morning for two weeks and now has swollen legs and a distended abdomen. Her blood pressure is 96/58 mmHg. Urine tes…
Physiology · Foundations · common
A 19-day-old boy has vomited after most feeds for the past week. He is 9 per cent below his birth weight, lethargic, with dry mucous membranes and cool peripher…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 32-year-old woman has passed large volumes of pale urine for four months and drinks about eight litres of water each day, having decided this would improve he…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 7-year-old boy has passed large volumes of urine and craved salty food since infancy, and he is small for his age. His blood pressure is 92/56 mmHg and he has…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 24-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after a motorcycle crash. He has an unstable pelvic fracture and has lost an estimated 1500 mL of blood…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 68-year-old man has had 4 days of fever, cough and left-sided pleuritic pain. There is dullness to percussion, bronchial breathing and increased vocal resonan…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 76-year-old man is admitted after falling down four steps at home. He weighs 75 kg. He has fractures of the left fifth to eighth ribs and it hurts him to brea…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 24-year-old man reports 12 months of increasing breathlessness on exertion. He climbs stairs slowly and pushes on his thighs to stand from a low chair. His co…
Physiology · Foundations · niche
A 34-year-old woman has had 8 months of heavy menstrual bleeding. She is breathless climbing one flight of stairs and tired all day. Her conjunctivae are pale.…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 74-year-old man is reviewed on the ward because he has become drowsy. He is cold and mottled to the mid-forearms. Pulse 108 beats per minute and regular; bloo…
Physiology · Foundations · common
A 62-year-old man describes tightness across the chest when he walks up the hill to his home; it settles within three minutes of rest. He first noticed it a mon…
Physiology · Foundations · common
A 24-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 40 minutes after he came off his motorcycle. He has a closed fracture of the right femur and a tense, s…
Physiology · Foundations · common
A 68-year-old man with a 20-year history of hypertension is examined before elective hernia repair. His pulse is regular at 72 beats per minute. With the bell o…
Physiology · Foundations · middle twist
A 22-year-old man is struck in the left lower chest by a cricket ball. Two hours later he has constant pain at the tip of the left shoulder, worse when he lies…
Anatomy · Foundations · common
A 62-year-old man has had 4 months of worsening constipation with cramping pain that comes in waves and eases after a few minutes; he cannot point to one spot w…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist
A 71-year-old woman has coughed violently for 3 weeks. Yesterday, during a bout of coughing, she felt sudden tearing pain in the right lower abdomen and now has…
Anatomy · Foundations · middle twist