Results for “calcium”

A 7-year-old boy has passed large volumes of urine and craved salty food since infancy, and he is small for his age. His blood pressure is 92/56 mmHg and he has…

Physiology · Foundations · middle twist

A 72-year-old woman with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma presents with confusion, constipation and weakness. Her serum calcium is 4.18 mmol/L (2.10–2.60), crea…

Renal, Urology and Electrolytes · Clinical rotations · middle twist

A 46-year-old man is found vomiting beside an open container of an automotive fluid. He has tachypnoea, flank pain and oliguria; arterial blood gas analysis sho…

Emergency and Toxicology · Clinical rotations · common

A 68-year-old man with chronic kidney disease presents with weakness after spironolactone was added to his medicines. His serum potassium is 7.0 mmol/L (3.5–5.2…

Cardiovascular · Clinical rotations · common

A 42-year-old man is brought to hospital 45 minutes after taking an unknown number of amitriptyline tablets. He is drowsy, has a blood pressure of 78/46 mmHg an…

Emergency and Toxicology · Clinical rotations · common

A 16-year-old female long-distance runner develops gradually worsening right groin pain over six weeks. She has recently increased her training volume and repor…

Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal · Clinical rotations · middle twist

A 63-year-old man with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma has persistent thirst, vomiting and confusion. After intravenous saline, his serum calcium concentrati…

Renal, Urology and Electrolytes · Clinical rotations · middle twist

A 68-year-old man with chronic kidney disease is admitted with pneumonia and has received intravenous fluids, calcium gluconate and insulin with glucose for a s…

Renal, Urology and Electrolytes · Clinical rotations · middle twist

A 30-year-old Aboriginal man attends a regional clinic for an annual health assessment. He feels well, smokes ten cigarettes daily, drinks alcohol most weekends…

Cardiovascular · Clinical rotations · middle twist

A 17-year-old girl is admitted for nutritional rehabilitation. She weighs 39 kg with a height of 168 cm, having lost 15 kg over six months through severe dietar…

Psychiatry and Mental Health · Clinical rotations · common

A 47-year-old man with chronic kidney disease presents with palpitations and proximal muscle weakness. Serum potassium is 6.8 mmol/L, the sample is non-haemolys…

Cardiovascular · Clinical rotations · middle twist

A 70-year-old man with diabetic kidney disease takes ramipril and spironolactone. Routine testing shows potassium 6.4 mmol/L, confirmed on a non-haemolysed samp…

Renal, Urology and Electrolytes · Clinical rotations · middle twist

A 58-year-old man with chronic kidney disease presents with weakness. Serum potassium is 7.1 mmol/L, and the laboratory result has been confirmed on a repeat no…

Emergency and Toxicology · Pre-internship · common

A 29-year-old man has progressive bone pain, proximal weakness and two atraumatic metatarsal fractures. Serum phosphate is 0.44 mmol/L (0.80–1.50), calcium is 2…

Endocrine and Metabolic · Clinical rotations · niche

A 63-year-old woman reports several months of bone pain and difficulty climbing stairs. She has no focal neurological deficit. Serum calcium is 2.19 mmol/L (2.1…

Endocrine and Metabolic · Clinical rotations · common

A 58-year-old man is found to have a serum calcium concentration of 2.78 mmol/L (2.15–2.55) on two occasions. His phosphate is 0.72 mmol/L (0.80–1.50), creatini…

Endocrine and Metabolic · Clinical rotations · common

A 68-year-old man reports persistent thoracic back pain and fatigue for 3 months. His haemoglobin is 92 g/L (reference range 130–170), creatinine is 180 micromo…

Haematology and Oncology · Clinical rotations · common

A 67-year-old woman has new bilateral shoulder and hip girdle aching with difficulty lifting her arms and rising from a chair. Symptoms are worst in the morning…

Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal · Clinical rotations · common

A 58-year-old man develops severe pain and swelling at the base of his right great toe overnight. He is afebrile and has no skin wound or prosthetic joint. Syno…

Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal · Clinical rotations · common

A 72-year-old woman sustains a low-trauma vertebral compression fracture while lifting a light shopping bag. She has no renal impairment, oesophageal disease or…

Endocrine and Metabolic · Clinical rotations · common