A 14-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department after waking at 5 am with sudden severe pain in the left side of his scrotum, and he has vomited twice. He has no urinary symptoms and no fever. On examination the left testis is swollen, exquisitely tender, and lies higher than the right with its long axis transverse; stroking the inner aspect of the left thigh produces no movement of the testis. The pain began three hours ago. Which one of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
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